LESSON 7

⏳

Past Simple

Сьогодні ми навчимося говорити англійською про те, що вже сталося.

☀️ PRESENT I play football every day.

Я граю у футбол щодня.

→

🌙 PAST I played football yesterday.

Я грав у футбол учора.

WHAT IS PAST SIMPLE?

Що таке Past Simple?

Past означає минуле.

⏳

PAST SIMPLE Дія вже сталася і завершилася.

Ми використовуємо Past Simple, коли говоримо про подію, яка була раніше.

Yesterday I played football. Учора я грав у футбол.

💡

Головне питання: дія вже закінчилася? Якщо так — нам часто потрібен Past Simple.

TIME

Подивімося на час

Уяви лінію часу. NOW — зараз, а Past Simple знаходиться позаду.

PAST

⚽ played football yesterday

NOW

📺 I watched TV yesterday.

🎾 We played tennis last Sunday.

👵 She visited her grandma last week.

TIME WORDS

Слова-підказки 🔎

Ці слова часто допомагають зрозуміти, що речення говорить про минуле.

🌅 yesterday учора

🌙 last night учора ввечері / минулої ночі

📅 last week минулого тижня

🗓️ last month минулого місяця

🎆 last year минулого року

⏪ two days ago два дні тому

AGO

Як використовувати ago?

ago означає тому.

⏪ TIME + AGO

Спочатку кажемо скільки часу, а потім ставимо ago.

1

two days ago два дні тому

2

a week ago тиждень тому

3

three years ago три роки тому

✕ NOT ago two days

✓ YES two days ago

QUICK CHECK

Знайди минуле 🔎

Яке речення говорить про минуле?

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⏳

REGULAR VERBS

Як побудувати Past Simple?

Почнемо зі звичайних дієслів. Їх називають regular verbs.

🔧

MAIN RULE До дієслова додаємо -ed.

play → played

SUBJECT

+

VERB + ED

play → played

I played football yesterday. Я грав у футбол учора.

GOOD NEWS!

Одна форма для всіх 🎉

У Past Simple форма regular verb не змінюється залежно від особи.

🙋 I played

👉 You played

👦 He played

👧 She played

🐶 It played

👫 We played

👨‍👩‍👧 They played

⭐

Тут не потрібно думати про he / she / it + s. У минулому: I played, he played, they played.

PRESENT VS PAST

Порівняй

☀️ PRESENT SIMPLE

I play.

He plays.

🌙 PAST SIMPLE

I played.

He played.

💜

У Past Simple нам не потрібно додавати окреме -s для he / she / it.

EXAMPLES

Regular verbs

Подивись, як звичайні дієслова змінюються в минулому.

⚽ play → played

📺 watch → watched

🧹 clean → cleaned

👵 visit → visited

🤝 help → helped

🎧 listen → listened

-ED RULE 1

Правило 1

1

Зазвичай просто додаємо -ed.

Це найпростіший випадок.

play → played

watch → watched

clean → cleaned

help → helped

-ED RULE 2

Дієслово вже закінчується на -e

Якщо наприкінці вже є e, не потрібно додавати ще одне.

VERB + E + D

live → lived

love → loved

dance → danced

like → liked

✕ loveed

✓ loved

-ED RULE 3

Приголосна + Y

Якщо перед y стоїть приголосна літера:

Y → IED

study → studied

carry → carried

try → tried

✏️

У слові study перед y стоїть d. Це приголосна, тому: study → studied.

-ED RULE 4

Голосна + Y

Якщо перед y стоїть голосна, y не змінюємо.

CONSONANT + Y study → studied

d + y

VOWEL + Y play → played

a + y

play → played

enjoy → enjoyed

stay → stayed

ONE MORE RULE

Іноді буква подвоюється

У деяких коротких дієсловах перед -ed остання приголосна подвоюється.

🛑 stop → stopped

📝 plan → planned

💡

Поки що не хвилюйся через складні правила. Запам'ятай найчастіші слова разом із їхньою формою Past Simple.

PRACTICE

Зроби Past Simple 🔧

Обери правильну форму дієслова.

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✏️

IMPORTANT!

Але не всі дієслова мають -ed! ⚠️

В англійській є irregular verbs — неправильні дієслова.

НЕПРАВИЛЬНО go → goed ✕

→

ПРАВИЛЬНО go → went ✓

🧠

Для irregular verbs немає одного правила -ed. Їхню форму Past Simple потрібно запам'ятовувати.

TWO GROUPS

Regular чи Irregular?

🔧 REGULAR

Є правило

play → played

watch → watched

clean → cleaned

🪄 IRREGULAR

Треба запам'ятати

go → went

see → saw

eat → ate

IRREGULAR VERBS

Найважливіші неправильні дієслова

Не потрібно вивчати всі дієслова світу одразу. Почнемо з найкорисніших.

🚶 go went

йти / їхати

👋 come came

приходити

👀 see saw

бачити

🍕 eat ate

їсти

🥤 drink drank

пити

🎒 have had

мати

🛠️ do did

робити

🎨 make made

робити / створювати

🎁 get got

отримувати

🤲 take took

брати

🎁 give gave

давати

🛍️ buy bought

купувати

💬 say said

казати

🔎 find found

знаходити

✍️ write wrote

писати

USEFUL LINK

А якщо потрібного дієслова тут немає?

Існує багато неправильних дієслів. Не потрібно вміщувати їх усі в один урок.

📖

CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY Table of Irregular Verbs

Тут можна знайти форми неправильних дієслів та перевірити Past Simple.

Відкрити таблицю ↗

💡

У таблиці шукай дієслово та його Past Simple форму. Наприклад: write → wrote.

WATCH OUT

Не додавай -ed до irregular verbs

goed ✕

→

went ✓

eated ✕

→

ate ✓

buyed ✕

→

bought ✓

writed ✕

→

wrote ✓

PRACTICE

Irregular Challenge 🪄

Обери правильну форму Past Simple.

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🪄

TO BE IN THE PAST

А що сталося з am / is / are?

Дієслово to be теж має свої форми в минулому.

PRESENT am · is · are

→

PAST was · were

⭐

Для to be не додаємо -ed. Використовуємо was або were.

WAS

Коли використовуємо was?

🙋 I WAS

👦 He WAS

👧 She WAS

🐶 It WAS

I was tired yesterday. Я був втомлений учора.

She was at school. Вона була у школі.

It was cold. Було холодно.

WERE

Коли використовуємо were?

👉 You WERE

👫 We WERE

👨‍👩‍👧 They WERE

We were at home. Ми були вдома.

They were happy. Вони були щасливі.

EASY TABLE

Was чи Were?

WAS I He She It

WERE You We They

🧠

I / HE / SHE / IT → WAS YOU / WE / THEY → WERE

NEGATIVE

Як сказати «не робив»?

Для звичайних дієслів у Past Simple використовуємо did not.

DID NOT = DIDN'T

SUBJECT

+

DIDN'T

+

VERB

I didn't play football. Я не грав у футбол.

VERY IMPORTANT

Після didn't — звичайне дієслово!

AFFIRMATIVE I played football.

↓

NEGATIVE I didn't play football.

⭐

DID вже показує минулий час. Тому другому дієслову більше не потрібне -ed.

✕ I didn't played.

✓ I didn't play.

DIDN'T + IRREGULAR

Те саме з неправильними дієсловами

+ I went to school.

→

− I didn't go to school.

🔄

Після didn't неправильне дієслово теж повертається до своєї звичайної форми: went → go.

✕ I didn't went.

✓ I didn't go.

NEGATIVE EXAMPLES

Подивись на зміни

She watched TV.

→

She didn't watch TV.

He ate breakfast.

→

He didn't eat breakfast.

They went home.

→

They didn't go home.

PRACTICE

Make it negative 🚫

Обери правильне заперечення.

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🚫

QUESTIONS

Як поставити питання?

Для звичайних дієслів питання в Past Simple починаємо з Did.

DID

+

SUBJECT

+

VERB

?

❓ Did you play football? Ти грав у футбол?

STEP BY STEP

Будуємо питання крок за кроком

1

СПОЧАТКУ You played football.

2

DID СТАВИМО НА ПОЧАТОК Did + you + played...

3

PLAYED ПОВЕРТАЄМО ДО PLAY Did you play football?

⭐

Після Did дієслово знову стоїть у звичайній формі.

REMEMBER

Did уже показує минулий час

DID

= PAST ⏳

✕ Did she watched TV?

✓ Did she watch TV?

✕ Did he went home?

✓ Did he go home?

SHORT ANSWERS

Короткі відповіді

⚽ Did you play football?

✓ Yes, I did.

✕ No, I didn't.

📺 Did she watch TV?

✓ Yes, she did.

✕ No, she didn't.

💡

Якщо питання починається з Did, у короткій відповіді теж використовуємо did / didn't.

QUESTION WORDS

What? Where? When? Who?

Якщо нам потрібна не відповідь Yes / No, додаємо питальне слово.

QUESTION WORD

+

DID

+

SUBJECT

+

VERB

?

❓ What did you eat? Що ти їв?

📍 Where did you go? Куди ти ходив?

🕐 When did she arrive? Коли вона приїхала?

👤 Who did you see? Кого ти бачив?

LOOK INSIDE

Розберімо питання

Where куди?

did минулий час

you хто?

go дія

? питання

✕ Where did you went?

✓ Where did you go?

PRACTICE

Build the Question ❓

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❓

BACK TO WAS / WERE

Як зробити заперечення з was / were?

WAS NOT = WASN'T

WERE NOT = WEREN'T

−

She wasn't at home. Її не було вдома.

−

They weren't tired. Вони не були втомлені.

⚠️

Тут didn't не потрібен. Was / were самі є дієсловом to be у минулому.

WAS / WERE QUESTIONS

Питання з was / were

Просто переносимо was / were на початок.

STATEMENT She was at home.

→

QUESTION Was she at home?

STATEMENT They were happy.

→

QUESTION Were they happy?

⭐

З was / were нам не потрібен Did.

DON'T MIX THEM

Did і was/were — різні конструкції

Did she was happy?

→

Was she happy?

She didn't was tired.

→

She wasn't tired.

Did they were home?

→

Were they home?

🧠

Action verb? → Did / didn't.
To be? → was / were / wasn't / weren't.

FULL SYSTEM

Regular verb: PLAY

+ AFFIRMATIVE I played football.

− NEGATIVE I didn't play football.

? QUESTION Did you play football?

✓ ANSWER Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

FULL SYSTEM

Irregular verb: GO

+ AFFIRMATIVE I went to school.

− NEGATIVE I didn't go to school.

? QUESTION Did you go to school?

✓ ANSWER Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

⭐

went потрібне лише в affirmative. Після did / didn't використовуємо go.

FULL SYSTEM

To be: WAS

+ AFFIRMATIVE She was tired.

− NEGATIVE She wasn't tired.

? QUESTION Was she tired?

✓ ANSWER Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.

MASTER TABLE

Увесь Past Simple на одному екрані

Тип	Формула	Приклад
Regular +	subject + verb-ed	I played.
Irregular +	subject + Past form	I went.
Negative	subject + didn't + verb	I didn't play.
Question	Did + subject + verb?	Did you play?
To be +	was / were	She was happy.
To be −	wasn't / weren't	She wasn't tired.
To be ?	Was / Were + subject?	Was she home?

COMMON MISTAKES

Не потрап у ці пастки! 🕳️

He play yesterday.

→

He played yesterday.

She goed home.

→

She went home.

I didn't played.

→

I didn't play.

Did you went?

→

Did you go?

Did she was happy?

→

Was she happy?

They was at home.

→

They were at home.

MIXED PRACTICE

Past Simple Challenge 🧩

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🧩

ERROR DETECTIVE

Виправ помилку 🔎

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🕵️

READING

Yesterday 📖

Прочитай маленьку історію. Звертай увагу на дієслова в Past Simple.

👦

Yesterday was a busy day.

Tom woke up at seven. He ate breakfast and went to school.

After school, he played football with his friends. Then he came home and watched TV.

He was tired, but he was happy.

READING CHECK

Що ти запам'ятав? 📖

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📖

LISTENING

Past Simple Listening 🎧

Натисни Listen, уважно послухай і вибери речення, яке почув.

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🎧

WATCH & LEARN

Past Simple Video 🎬

Подивись коротке пояснення, щоб ще раз повторити Past Simple.

▶

Past Simple for Kids

Regular & Irregular Verbs

EXTRA PRACTICE

Ще трохи практики 🎮

Тут можна окремо потренувати різні частини Past Simple.

🔧

Past Simple

Повтори речення в Past Simple.

Open ↗

🪄

Irregular Verbs

Перевір неправильні дієслова.

Open ↗

🕰️

Was / Were

Потренуй дієслово to be у минулому.

Open ↗

QUICK REVIEW

Чотири речі, які треба запам'ятати

🔧 REGULAR

play → played

🪄 IRREGULAR

go → went

❓ DID / DIDN'T

Did you play?
I didn't play.

🕰️ WAS / WERE

I was.
They were.

GOLDEN RULE

⭐ Найголовніше правило уроку

⭐ DID ЗАБИРАЄ МИНУЛИЙ ЧАС НА СЕБЕ

REGULAR

I played.

I didn't play.

Did you play?

IRREGULAR

I went.

I didn't go.

Did you go?

🧠

Побачив did або didn't? Наступне дієслово ставимо у звичайну форму.

FINAL ADVENTURE

Past Simple Time Adventure 🗺️

Пройди всі 7 рівнів та відкрий Past Simple Castle.

LEVEL 1

⏳

Time Machine

LESSON COMPLETE

🏆

You did it!

Ти завершив урок Past Simple і тепер можеш говорити про те, що сталося в минулому.

⏳

ACHIEVEMENT UNLOCKED TIME TRAVELLER

You can talk about the past!

✓ Regular verbs

✓ Irregular verbs

✓ Did / didn't

✓ Questions

✓ Was / were

Повернутися до Grade 4 →